Datenbanken

Inhalt

Evaluated level energies, spins/parities, half-lives, γ-ray energies and intensities, decay radiations, and ground- and isomeric-state properties for about 3 200 nuclides, derived from ENSDF; plus a level-scheme plotter and search forms.

So wird es benutzt

1. Click a square on the chart or type a nuclide (e.g. 100Sn) in the search box.
2. Choose Levels and Gammas, Decay Radiation or Ground and Isomeric States.
3. Use the plot tools to draw level schemes or plot systematics (e.g. E(2⁺) along a chain).
4. Download tables as text/CSV for analysis.

Tipps

NuDat is a convenient front end; for the full evaluated dataset with comments and references open ENSDF.

Zitieren

NuDat 3, National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/

Inhalt

Recommended values with uncertainties for level energies, Jπ, half-lives, moments, γ-ray and particle transitions, branching ratios, log ft values and reaction data sets, with the evaluator's comments and references. Published as the Nuclear Data Sheets.

So wird es benutzt

1. Search by nuclide or by mass chain A.
2. Pick the 'Adopted Levels, Gammas' data set for recommended values, or an individual decay/reaction data set.
3. Read the comments: they explain how each value was obtained.
4. Download the ENSDF (80-column) or JSON format for programs.

Tipps

Cite the Nuclear Data Sheets evaluation of the mass chain (the reference is shown in the data set header).

Inhalt

Level schemes, γ rays and decay data from individual recent papers, compiled in ENSDF format but not evaluated (no averaging or recommendation).

So wird es benutzt

1. Search XUNDL through the ENSDF search page (data-set type XUNDL).
2. Compare with the adopted ENSDF values to see what is new.
3. Follow the reference keynumber to the original paper.

Tipps

Use it to follow the newest spectroscopy; always cite the original article.

Inhalt

Ground- and excited-state properties, decay radiations, charge radii, fission yields and more, with colour-coded charts of any property and links to the original evaluations.

So wird es benutzt

1. Choose a colour scheme (half-life, decay mode, Q values, radii…) and click a nuclide.
2. Use the side panels for levels, γ rays and decay radiation.
3. For programs use the API, e.g. https://nds.iaea.org/relnsd/v1/data?fields=ground_states&nuclides=100sn (CSV).
4. Other fields: levels, gammas, decay_rads (with rad_types=g, e, a, bp, bm…).

Tipps

The API sometimes refuses requests without a browser-like User-Agent header; the official Jupyter notebook shows how to use it from Python/pandas.

Inhalt

Evaluated decay radiations derived from ENSDF, tabulated as needed for Medical Internal Radiation Dose calculations.

So wird es benutzt

1. Enter the radionuclide.
2. Read the table of emitted radiations with energy, intensity and energy per decay.
3. Export for dose or detector-efficiency calculations.

Tipps

Quick way to see all X-rays, Auger electrons and β spectra of a source in one table.

Inhalt

Recommended decay data for about 200 radionuclides important for detector calibration, metrology and applications, with full uncertainty analyses.

So wird es benutzt

1. Open the nuclide table and choose the radionuclide.
2. Download the tables (PDF) and the evaluation report (comments).
3. Use these values for efficiency calibration sources (e.g. ¹³³Ba, ¹⁵²Eu, ²⁴¹Am).

Tipps

For calibration standards DDEP values are often preferred over ENSDF.

Inhalt

Element and nuclide pages with half-lives, decay modes, γ lines, thermal cross sections and natural abundances, compiled from evaluated sources.

So wird es benutzt

1. Pick an element from the periodic table.
2. Select the isotope for decay data and plots.
3. Check the evaluation source quoted on the page.

Tipps

Handy for a quick look; quote the underlying evaluation (ENSDF/ENDF) in publications.

Inhalt

AME2020: atomic masses (mass excesses), binding energies, separation energies and reaction/decay Q values for ~3 500 nuclides with uncertainties and the input-data network. NUBASE2020: half-lives, spins, decay modes and excitation energies of ground and isomeric states.

So wird es benutzt

1. Download mass_1.mas20.txt (ME, binding energy/A, beta Q), rct1.mas20.txt and rct2_1.mas20.txt (reactions), and nubase_4.mas20.txt (states) as fixed-width text.
2. Read the column description: '#' replaces a decimal point for estimated values; '*' means unavailable. Retain separate flags for values and uncertainties.
3. Use published reaction uncertainties: evaluated masses are correlated. Adding individual mass errors in quadrature does not reproduce these uncertainties.
4. For quantities without a published reaction column, use the covariance file when applicable or explicitly label independent-error propagation.

Tipps

The chart's AME reference uses published energies and evaluated uncertainties where tabulated. New-mass and model calculations remain separate. Cite the original AME/NUBASE papers.

Zitieren

W.J. Huang et al., Chin. Phys. C 45, 030002 (2021); M. Wang et al., Chin. Phys. C 45, 030003 (2021); F.G. Kondev et al., Chin. Phys. C 45, 030001 (2021)

Inhalt

The same AME and NUBASE tables, historical evaluations and documentation.

So wird es benutzt

1. Use as an alternative download site for the mass tables.
2. Browse earlier evaluations (AME2016, AME2012…) to compare versions.

Tipps

Keep the version (AME2020) in file names and papers — values change between evaluations.

Inhalt

One of the collaboration websites named by the IMP and IAEA AMDC pages. Use the IAEA or IMP mirrors if access is restricted.

So wird es benutzt

1. Choose an evaluation edition before downloading.
2. Keep the mass, reaction and covariance files from the same edition.
3. Read the original papers and each file's fixed-column header.

Tipps

Do not mix AME2016, AME2020 and rounded exports without labelling the edition and precision.

Inhalt

All NUBASE2020 ground and isomeric states with excitation energies, half-lives, Jπ and decay branches.

So wird es benutzt

1. Filter by Z, N or A.
2. Sort by excitation energy or half-life to find long-lived isomers (useful for PI-ICR).

Tipps

Isomer energies marked '#' are estimates; measured energies have no '#'.

Inhalt

rms charge radii from electron scattering, muonic atoms and laser spectroscopy (isotope shifts), with uncertainties.

So wird es benutzt

1. Choose the element and download the table.
2. Plot δ⟨r²⟩ along an isotope chain to see shell closures and shape changes.

Tipps

Laser spectroscopy gives differences δ⟨r²⟩; absolute radii need a reference isotope.

Zitieren

I. Angeli, K.P. Marinova, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 99, 69 (2013)

Inhalt

Measured and recommended μ and Q values with method and reference.

So wird es benutzt

1. Search by nuclide or state.
2. Check the method column (laser, NMR, β-NMR…) and the reference.
3. Use the recommended tables (INDC(NDS)-0794, -0816) where available.

Tipps

Mind the sign conventions and the diamagnetic/Sternheimer corrections quoted in the tables.

Inhalt

Calculated ground-state masses, β₂…β₆ deformations, shell and pairing corrections; rms deviation ≈ 0.56 MeV from AME masses.

So wird es benutzt

1. Download the table from the journal supplement (ADNDT 109–110, 1 (2016)).
2. Use it where no measured mass exists (r-process, drip lines) — compare with AME where data exist.
3. On this site: chart → mass model → FRDM (2012).

Tipps

Model-to-model spread far from stability is a useful estimate of the true uncertainty.

Zitieren

P. Möller, A.J. Sierk, T. Ichikawa, H. Sagawa, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 109–110, 1 (2016)

Inhalt

WS4, WS4+RBF and DZ28+RBF masses, deformations and shell energies as plain text tables.

So wird es benutzt

1. Download WS4.txt; columns are A, Z, β₂, β₄, β₆, E_sh, E_def, E_exp, E_th, M_exp, M_th (MeV).
2. Use M_th as mass excess for unknown nuclei.

Tipps

One of the most accurate global models near known nuclei; extrapolations still differ by MeV at the drip lines.

Zitieren

N. Wang, M. Liu, X. Wu, J. Meng, Phys. Lett. B 734, 215 (2014)

Inhalt

Skyrme/Gogny Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov mass tables and derived nuclear inputs for nucleosynthesis.

So wird es benutzt

1. Choose 'Nuclear masses' and the model (e.g. HFB-24).
2. Select Z/A range and download the table.

Tipps

HFB tables are the standard choice for r-process network calculations.

Inhalt

Numerical data as published (or supplied by authors) for neutron-, charged-particle- and photon-induced reactions, with the experimental details.

So wird es benutzt

1. Search by target, reaction (e.g. 58Ni(p,γ)) and quantity (CS = cross section).
2. Plot several data sets together with evaluated curves.
3. Export in EXFOR, X4+ or C5 table formats.

Tipps

Use the EXFOR entry number (e.g. 12345.002) when you cite a data set together with the paper.

Inhalt

The EXFOR experimental reaction library (also called CSISRS in the US).

So wird es benutzt

1. Enter target, reaction and quantity.
2. Select data sets and plot or download.

Tipps

Same content as the IAEA site; choose the faster interface for you.

Inhalt

Complete evaluated cross sections, angular and energy distributions, fission yields, decay and covariance data for neutron, proton, photon and other sublibraries.

So wird es benutzt

1. Choose library (ENDF/B-VIII, JEFF, JENDL, TENDL…) and sublibrary.
2. Select the material and the MF/MT section (e.g. MF3 MT102 = (n,γ) cross section).
3. Plot or download; process with NJOY/FRENDY for transport codes.

Tipps

MF = data type, MT = reaction channel; the ENDF-6 manual lists all numbers.

Inhalt

Web plotting of ENDF-format libraries, with comparison to EXFOR points.

So wird es benutzt

1. Click the target on the mini chart.
2. Choose library and reaction; overlay several libraries.
3. Add EXFOR data for comparison.

Tipps

Quick way to compare ENDF/B, JEFF and JENDL for the same reaction.

Inhalt

Browser for ENDF-6, PENDF/GENDF, EXFOR and CINDA with plotting and comparison tools.

So wird es benutzt

1. Use JANIS Web or download the desktop program.
2. Select database → material → reaction and plot.
3. Compare evaluations and experimental data in one figure.

Tipps

Good for preparing publication-quality comparison plots.

Inhalt

Complete ENDF-6 files with covariances for n, p, d, t, ³He, α and γ on ~2 800 targets, including unstable ones.

So wird es benutzt

1. Choose the release (e.g. TENDL-2023), projectile and target.
2. Download ENDF files or use the plots.
3. Good when no other evaluation exists (e.g. exotic targets).

Tipps

Model-based: check against EXFOR where data exist.

Inhalt

Neutron, decay, fission-yield and activation sublibraries in ENDF-6 format.

So wird es benutzt

1. Choose the latest release and sublibrary.
2. Download files or view them in JANIS.

Tipps

Decay and fission-yield sublibraries are widely used in Europe.

Inhalt

General-purpose neutron data plus proton, deuteron, photonuclear, decay and fission-yield sublibraries.

So wird es benutzt

1. Open the JENDL-5 page and choose the sublibrary.
2. Download ENDF-6 files or use the plotting pages.

Tipps

JAEA also provides the FRENDY processing code.

Inhalt

Input parameters for statistical-model reaction codes (TALYS, EMPIRE, CoH), including theoretical mass tables and discrete level schemes.

So wird es benutzt

1. Choose the segment (MASSES, LEVELS, OPTICAL, DENSITIES, GAMMA, FISSION).
2. Download the files and read the segment README.

Tipps

The LEVELS segment is the discrete-level input used by TALYS.

Inhalt

Recommended cross sections, thick-target yields and decay data for isotope production with cyclotrons and reactors.

So wird es benutzt

1. Choose the product isotope.
2. Compare production routes and yields.
3. Check impurities from competing reactions.

Tipps

Complements the IAEA medical-isotope cross-section evaluations.

Inhalt

Experimental and theoretical rates (and weak rates) for ~80 000 reactions, versioned snapshots, with the source label of every rate.

So wird es benutzt

1. Search a reaction or download a full snapshot.
2. Each rate is λ = exp(a₀ + a₁/T₉ + a₂T₉^(−1/3) + a₃T₉^(1/3) + a₄T₉ + a₅T₉^(5/3) + a₆ ln T₉).
3. Replace individual rates with new ones (e.g. from new masses) and record the label.

Tipps

New masses change rp- and r-process rates through Q values — reverse rates depend exponentially on Q.

Zitieren

R.H. Cyburt et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 189, 240 (2010)

Inhalt

Recommended Maxwellian-averaged cross sections (MACS) at kT = 5–100 keV and p-process reaction data.

So wird es benutzt

1. Select the isotope.
2. Read MACS(30 keV) and the energy dependence with references.

Tipps

Standard reference for s-process network inputs.

Inhalt

Rates on a temperature grid with recommended values and factor uncertainties.

So wird es benutzt

1. Download the library file.
2. Sample rates from the log-normal distribution to propagate uncertainties.

Tipps

Pairs naturally with Monte-Carlo network studies of rp-process sensitivity.

Inhalt

Line wavelengths, transition probabilities, level energies and ionization energies for atoms and ions.

So wird es benutzt

1. Enter the spectrum (e.g. 'Sn I' or 'Cs II') and wavelength range.
2. For electron binding energies of ions use the ionization-energies form.
3. Needed for laser spectroscopy and for ion-mass corrections.

Tipps

Ion mass for Penning-trap work: m_ion = M_atom − q·mₑ + B_e/c² (B_e = total binding energy of the removed electrons).

Inhalt

Sequential ionization energies and total binding energies of atoms and ions.

So wird es benutzt

1. Select element and charge-state range.
2. Sum the energies to get the binding energy of the removed electrons.

Tipps

For singly charged ions the correction is a few eV — below most uncertainties but not for PENTATRAP-level work.

Inhalt

The CODATA adjustment with uncertainties and correlations.

So wird es benutzt

1. Search a constant by name.
2. Use the same CODATA version as the mass evaluation you compare with (AME2020 uses CODATA 2018).

Tipps

1 u = 931 494.10242(28) keV/c² (CODATA 2018).

Inhalt

Recommended atomic weights and natural isotopic abundances with their variations.

So wird es benutzt

1. Open the element page.
2. Use the isotopic abundances for natural-target yields or reference-ion choice.

Tipps

NIST also offers a combined table of atomic weights and isotopic compositions.

Inhalt

Calculates reaction Q values, thresholds and separation energies.

So wird es benutzt

1. Enter target, projectile and ejectile.
2. Read Q, threshold and their uncertainties.

Tipps

Check which mass evaluation the calculator uses.

Inhalt

Computes f, log ft and EC/β⁺ ratios for allowed and unique-forbidden transitions.

So wird es benutzt

1. Enter Z, Q value, level energy, half-life and branching.
2. Choose transition type and read log ft.

Tipps

A new mass changes Q and therefore log ft — useful for low-Q decay studies.

Inhalt

Calculated conversion coefficients (K, L, M… shells) and pair-conversion coefficients for any multipolarity.

So wird es benutzt

1. Enter Z, γ energy and multipolarity (and mixing ratio).
2. Read α_total and shell coefficients.

Tipps

Low-energy isomeric transitions decay mostly by conversion — important for isomer half-lives.

Inhalt

Calculates rates, purity, energy loss and charge states for in-flight facilities; includes many utilities (masses, kinematics).

So wird es benutzt

1. Load a facility configuration (FRS, BigRIPS, ARIS…).
2. Set primary beam and target, tune the separator, read rates.

Tipps

Free download; Windows program (runs on macOS/Linux with Wine).

Inhalt

Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter: tables and TRIM Monte-Carlo for energy loss, straggling and implantation.

So wird es benutzt

1. Use 'Stopping/Range Tables' for quick values.
2. Use TRIM for degraders, gas cells and implantation profiles.

Tipps

Essential for designing degraders before gas cells (IGISOL, CSC).

Inhalt

Potential-array field solver with Lua user programs for time-dependent voltages (RFQ, traps, MR-TOF).

So wird es benutzt

1. Define electrodes (GEM files), refine the arrays.
2. Fly ion groups; add Lua for RF, buffer gas or switching.
3. Export trajectories and TOF for analysis.

Tipps

Commercial licence; the user manual and example workbenches are on the website.

Inhalt

Every paper with keywords such as 'NUCLEUS 100Sn; measured mass' — the fastest way to find all measurements on a nuclide.

So wird es benutzt

1. Use 'Indexed search' → Nuclide = 100Sn, Topic = measured, Quantity = mass.
2. Or search by author, year, journal or keynumber (e.g. 2021Ge05).
3. Export selected references to BibTeX.

Tipps

Keynumbers (YYYYAuNN) are used in ENSDF and XUNDL references.

Inhalt

References to ~275 000 neutron-induced reaction works, linked to EXFOR entries.

So wird es benutzt

1. Search by target and reaction.
2. Follow links to EXFOR numerical data.

Tipps

For charged-particle reactions use NSR instead.

Inhalt

Citation-linked records of papers and preprints, author profiles, conference and job listings.

So wird es benutzt

1. Search with SPIRES syntax, e.g. 'a Ge, Zhuang and t Penning'.
2. Export BibTeX; set up citation alerts.

Tipps

The Jobs section is one of the best sources for nuclear-physics positions.

Inhalt

Open-access preprints, often months before journal publication.

So wird es benutzt

1. Read 'new' daily, or subscribe to e-mail alerts.
2. Use physics.ins-det for instrumentation (traps, MR-TOF).

Tipps

The Daily page of this site collects relevant new preprints automatically.

Inhalt

Evaluations of nuclear structure and decay data by mass chain, plus ENDF/B library descriptions.

So wird es benutzt

1. Find the latest evaluation of your mass chain and cite it with ENSDF values.

Tipps

The mass-chain reference is printed in the ENSDF data-set header.

Inhalt

Tabulations with supplementary data files.

So wird es benutzt

1. Download the supplementary tables for machine-readable data.

Tipps

FRDM2012 and the charge-radius table were published here.

Inhalt

Databases for nuclear structure and decay, reactions and bibliography, plus utility codes.

So wird es benutzt

1. Start at the Databases page to choose the right database.
2. Use the Networks page to see which collaboration produces which data.

Tipps

Most NNDC databases have a help page linked at the top of the search form.

Inhalt

Who evaluates, compiles and disseminates nuclear data, and how the networks connect.

So wird es benutzt

1. Open the network that maintains the data you use (e.g. NSDD for ENSDF, NRDC for EXFOR).
2. Contact the network to report errors or contribute data.

Tipps

Sending your new results to the compilers gets them into the databases faster.

Inhalt

International databases, coordinated research projects and data-network coordination.

So wird es benutzt

1. Use the menu by topic (structure, reactions, atomic, medical).
2. Check workshops and schools for training in evaluation.

Tipps

Mirror sites exist (e.g. nds.iaea.org); use whichever loads faster.

Inhalt

Programme coordinating US data centres and evaluators (ENSDF, XUNDL, NSR, ENDF/B).

So wird es benutzt

1. See annual reports and meeting pages for current priorities.

Tipps

Data needs for basic science are collected through USNDP and NDWG.

Inhalt

Evaluation, validation and release of the ENDF/B library and the ENDF-6 format manual.

So wird es benutzt

1. Find the ENDF-6 format manual and release notes here.

Tipps

Cite the ENDF/B release paper (Nuclear Data Sheets) when using the library.

Inhalt

Interagency coordination, the WANDA workshops and their proceedings.

So wird es benutzt

1. Read the WANDA proceedings for current data needs and funding opportunities.

Tipps

Good overview of where new measurements make the most impact.

Inhalt

Evaluators, methods (e.g. LWEIGHT averaging) and the list of evaluated nuclides.

So wird es benutzt

1. Use with the LNHB data table (Structure & decay above).

Tipps

Evaluation reports describe the treatment of discrepant data.

Inhalt

Evaluation centres, mass-chain responsibilities, meetings and evaluator training.

So wird es benutzt

1. Find which centre evaluates your mass chain and how to contribute.

Tipps

The NSDD workshops are open to young researchers interested in evaluation.

Inhalt

Data centres sharing compilation of experimental reaction data, format rules and the EXFOR manual.

So wird es benutzt

1. Send your new cross-section data to the responsible centre for compilation.

Tipps

Japan (JCPRG), China (CNDC), Russia and others compile charged-particle data.

Inhalt

Expert groups on evaluation methods, covariances, formats (GNDS) and validation; the HPRL of data needs.

So wird es benutzt

1. Read subgroup reports; check the HPRL for measurements in demand.

Tipps

GNDS is the new XML/JSON-based successor of the ENDF-6 format.